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File ownership: 128 controls for Linux hardening

Pavois audits 128 controls in the File ownership hardening domain, across 9 systems and 5 standards (CIS, ANSSI BP-028, NIST 800-53, PCI DSS, DISA STIG). Every control declares the evidence it gathers, its severity, its remediation and its standard references.

The domain in figures

Controls128
Severities
medium 126low 2
Evidence gathered
filesystem state 126persistent config 2
Standards
CISANSSI BP-028NIST 800-53PCI DSSDISA STIG
Systems
Debian 12Debian 13FedoraRHEL 10 / Rocky 10 / AlmaLinux 10RHEL 8 / Rocky 8 / AlmaLinux 8RHEL 9 / Rocky 9 / AlmaLinux 9Ubuntu 22.04Ubuntu 24.04Ubuntu 26.04
Coverage depthin depth

What does Pavois check in this domain?

filesystem state 126
Checked against a path’s metadata, mode, owner, group, SUID/SGID.
persistent config 2
Checked against the content of a persistent configuration file, the source of truth that survives reboots.

Which standards does this domain cover?

One effective-configuration check serves as evidence for several standards at once. The references below are the ones the corpus actually carries, never a claimed equivalence. how to read a standard mapping.

CIS
1.2.8, 1.4.2, 1.6.4, 1.6.5, 1.6.6, 1.7.4, 1.7.5, 1.7.6, 2.2.6, 2.4.1.2, 2.4.1.3, 2.4.1.4, 2.4.1.5, 2.4.1.6, 2.4.1.7, 2.4.1.8, 2.4.1.9, 2.4.2.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5, 6.1.4.1, 6.2.2.1, 6.2.4.6, 6.2.4.7, 6.2.4.9, 6.2.4.10, 6.3.4.6, 6.3.4.7, 6.3.4.9, 6.3.4.10, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.1.7, 7.1.8, 7.1.9, 7.1.10
ANSSI BP-028
R29, R50
NIST 800-53
3.4.5, AC-3, AC-6 (1), AC-6(1), AC-17(a), CM-5(6), CM-5(6).1, CM-6(a), MP-2
PCI DSS
1.2.8, 2.2.6
DISA STIG
UBTU-22-232070, UBTU-22-232100, UBTU-22-232105, UBTU-22-232110, UBTU-22-232120, UBTU-22-232125, UBTU-22-232130, UBTU-22-232135, UBTU-22-653070, UBTU-22-653075, UBTU-24-300007, UBTU-24-700040, UBTU-24-700050, UBTU-24-700100, UBTU-24-700110, UBTU-24-700130, UBTU-24-700140, UBTU-24-900050, UBTU-24-900060, UBTU-24-901240, UBTU-24-901250

The 128 controls of the File ownership domain

RefRuleSev.OSStandards
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-007All GRUB configuration files must be group-owned by rootmedium1
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-063All GRUB configuration files must be owned by rootmedium1
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-052Audit Configuration Files Must Be Owned By Group rootmedium9
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-108Audit Configuration Files Must Be Owned By Rootmedium9
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-018Verify /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/user.cfg Group Ownershipmedium4
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-074Verify /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/user.cfg User Ownershipmedium4
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-035Verify /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Group Ownershipmedium8
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-091Verify /boot/grub2/grub.cfg User Ownershipmedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-040Verify /boot/grub2/user.cfg Group Ownershipmedium8
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-096Verify /boot/grub2/user.cfg User Ownershipmedium8
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-026Verify Group Ownership of Message of the Day Bannermedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-024Verify Group Ownership of System Login Bannermedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-025Verify Group Ownership of System Login Banner for Remote Connectionsmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-053Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Filesmedium7
bp28cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-054Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Filesmedium9
bp28cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-001Verify Group Who Owns /etc/at.allow filemedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-002Verify Group Who Owns /etc/at.deny filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-008Verify Group Who Owns /etc/cron.allow filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-019Verify Group Who Owns /etc/crypttab Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-022Verify Group Who Owns /etc/ipsec.conf Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-205Verify Group Who Owns /etc/ipsec.d Directorymedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-023Verify Group Who Owns /etc/ipsec.secrets Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-028Verify Group Who Owns /etc/security/opasswd Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-029Verify Group Who Owns /etc/security/opasswd.old Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-206Verify Group Who Owns /etc/selinux Directorymedium4
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-030Verify Group Who Owns /etc/sestatus.conf Filemedium4
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-032Verify Group Who Owns /etc/shells Filemedium9
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-033Verify Group Who Owns /etc/sudoers Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-207Verify Group Who Owns /etc/sudoers.d Directorymedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-034Verify Group Who Owns /etc/sysconfig/sshd Filemedium4
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-208Verify Group Who Owns /etc/sysctl.d Directorymedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-041Verify Group Who Owns /var/log Directorymedium7
stig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-196Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/*.journal(~) Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-042Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/auth.log Filemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-043Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/cloud-init.log* Filemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-044Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/lastlog Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-045Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/localmessages* Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-046Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/messages Filemedium4
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-047Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/secure Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-048Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/syslog Filemedium5
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-049Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/waagent.log Filemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-003Verify Group Who Owns Backup group Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-004Verify Group Who Owns Backup gshadow Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-005Verify Group Who Owns Backup passwd Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-062Verify Group Who Owns Backup shadow Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-009Verify Group Who Owns cron.dmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-010Verify Group Who Owns cron.dailymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-011Verify Group Who Owns cron.denymedium3
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-012Verify Group Who Owns cron.hourlymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-013Verify Group Who Owns cron.monthlymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-014Verify Group Who Owns cron.weeklymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-015Verify Group Who Owns cron.yearlymedium4
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-016Verify Group Who Owns Crontabmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-020Verify Group Who Owns group Filemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-021Verify Group Who Owns gshadow Filemedium9
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-027Verify Group Who Owns passwd Filemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-031Verify Group Who Owns shadow Filemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-037Verify Group Who Owns SSH Server config filemedium9
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-038Verify Group Who Owns SSH Server Configuration Filesmedium3
cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-209Verify Group Who Owns SSH Server Configuration Filesmedium3
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-199Verify Grouponwership of Files in /var/log/sssdmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-036Verify Groupowner on the journalctl commandmedium3
stig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-055Verify Groupownership of Files in /var/log/aptmedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-197Verify Groupownership of Files in /var/log/gdmmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-198Verify Groupownership of Files in /var/log/gdm3medium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-056Verify Groupownership of Files in /var/log/landscapemedium3
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-065Verify Owner on cron.dmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-066Verify Owner on cron.dailymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-067Verify Owner on cron.denymedium3
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-068Verify Owner on cron.hourlymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-069Verify Owner on cron.monthlymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-070Verify Owner on cron.weeklymedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-071Verify Owner on cron.yearlymedium4
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-072Verify Owner on crontabmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-093Verify Owner on SSH Server config filemedium9
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-094Verify Owner on SSH Server Configuration Filesmedium3
cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-214Verify Owner on SSH Server Configuration Filesmedium3
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-092Verify Owner on the journalctl Commandmedium3
stig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-110Verify Ownership of Files in /var/log/aptmedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-202Verify Ownership of Files in /var/log/gdmmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-203Verify Ownership of Files in /var/log/gdm3medium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-111Verify Ownership of Files in /var/log/landscapemedium3
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-204Verify Ownership of Files in /var/log/sssdmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-082Verify ownership of Message of the Day Bannermedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-080Verify ownership of System Login Bannermedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-081Verify ownership of System Login Banner for Remote Connectionsmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-109Verify Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Filesmedium9
bp28cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-051Verify that audit tools are owned by group rootmedium9
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-107Verify that audit tools are owned by rootmedium9
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-201Verify that Shared Library Files Have Root Ownershipmedium7
niststig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-017Verify the UEFI Boot Loader grub.cfg Group Ownershipmedium4
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-073Verify the UEFI Boot Loader grub.cfg User Ownershipmedium4
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-057Verify User Who Owns /etc/at.allow filemedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-058Verify User Who Owns /etc/at.deny filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-064Verify User Who Owns /etc/cron.allow filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-075Verify User Who Owns /etc/crypttab Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-078Verify User Who Owns /etc/ipsec.conf Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-210Verify User Who Owns /etc/ipsec.d Directorymedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-079Verify User Who Owns /etc/ipsec.secrets Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-084Verify User Who Owns /etc/security/opasswd Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-085Verify User Who Owns /etc/security/opasswd.old Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-211Verify User Who Owns /etc/selinux Directorymedium4
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-086Verify User Who Owns /etc/sestatus.conf Filemedium4
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-089Verify User Who Owns /etc/sudoers Filemedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-212Verify User Who Owns /etc/sudoers.d Directorymedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-090Verify User Who Owns /etc/sysconfig/sshd Filemedium4
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-213Verify User Who Owns /etc/sysctl.d Directorymedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-097Verify User Who Owns /var/log Directorymedium7
stig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-200Verify User Who Owns /var/log/*.journal(~) Filesmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-098Verify User Who Owns /var/log/auth.log Filemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-099Verify User Who Owns /var/log/cloud-init.log Filemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-100Verify User Who Owns /var/log/lastlog Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-101Verify User Who Owns /var/log/localmessages Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-102Verify User Who Owns /var/log/messages Filemedium4
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-103Verify User Who Owns /var/log/secure Filemedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-104Verify User Who Owns /var/log/syslog Filemedium5
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-105Verify User Who Owns /var/log/waagent.log Filemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-059Verify User Who Owns Backup group Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-060Verify User Who Owns Backup gshadow Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-061Verify User Who Owns Backup passwd Filemedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-006Verify User Who Owns Backup shadow Filemedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-076Verify User Who Owns group Filemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-077Verify User Who Owns gshadow Filemedium9
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-083Verify User Who Owns passwd Filemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-087Verify User Who Owns shadow Filemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-088Verify Who Owns /etc/shells Filemedium9
bp28cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-039Verify Group Who Owns System.map Fileslow9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-FSP-095Verify User Who Owns System.map Fileslow9
bp28

Sources & references

Full control catalogue · All control domains