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Hardening (misc): 28 controls for Linux hardening

Pavois audits 28 controls in the Hardening (misc) hardening domain, across 9 systems and 5 standards (CIS, ANSSI BP-028, NIST 800-53, PCI DSS, DISA STIG). Every control declares the evidence it gathers, its severity, its remediation and its standard references.

The domain in figures

Controls28
Severities
high 3medium 25
Evidence gathered
effective runtime 11persistent config 7inventory state 7filesystem state 3
Standards
CISANSSI BP-028NIST 800-53PCI DSSDISA STIG
Systems
Debian 12Debian 13FedoraRHEL 10 / Rocky 10 / AlmaLinux 10RHEL 8 / Rocky 8 / AlmaLinux 8RHEL 9 / Rocky 9 / AlmaLinux 9Ubuntu 22.04Ubuntu 24.04Ubuntu 26.04
Coverage depthin depth

What does Pavois check in this domain?

effective runtime 11
Checked against the resolved running state (e.g. sshd -T, sysctl, systemctl show), catches drop-ins and Includes a file read would miss. Caveat: runtime ≠ persistence; a value correct now may not survive a reboot.
persistent config 7
Checked against the content of a persistent configuration file, the source of truth that survives reboots.
inventory state 7
Checked against what is installed or registered, packages present/absent, account databases.
filesystem state 3
Checked against a path’s metadata, mode, owner, group, SUID/SGID.

Which standards does this domain cover?

One effective-configuration check serves as evidence for several standards at once. The references below are the ones the corpus actually carries, never a claimed equivalence. how to read a standard mapping.

CIS
1.3.1.3, 1.3.1.4, 1.3.3, 1.4.2, 2.1.21, 2.1.23, 2.2.6, 3.1.2, 5.1.4, 5.1.6, 5.1.7, 5.1.10, 5.1.12, 5.2.7, 5.3.3.4.3, 5.4.2.3, 5.4.2.4, 5.4.2.7, 5.4.3.1, 5.4.3.2, 6.1.1, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 7.2.4, 7.2.5, 7.2.6, 7.2.9, 7.2.10, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.6.1, 11.5.2
ANSSI BP-028
R1, R32, R33, R45, R67, R68, R74, R76
NIST 800-53
3.1.1, 3.1.11, 3.1.12, 3.1.16, 3.13.11, AC-2(5), AC-3, AC-3(4), AC-6, AC-6(8), AC-6(10), AC-12, AC-17(a), AC-18(3), AC-18(a), CM-6, CM-6(a), CM-6(b), CM-7(2), CM-7(5)(b), CM-7(a), CM-7(b), IA-2, IA-5(1)(c), IA-5(7), IA-5(c), IA-5(h), MP-7, SC-7(21), SC-10, SC-12(3), SI-7, SI-7(1)
PCI DSS
1.3.3, 1.4.2, 2.2.6, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.6.1, 11.5.2
DISA STIG
UBTU-22-291015, UBTU-22-412030, UBTU-22-431015, UBTU-22-651015, UBTU-24-100110, UBTU-24-100120, UBTU-24-100510, UBTU-24-200060, UBTU-24-600230

The 28 controls of the Hardening (misc) domain

RefRuleSev.OSStandards
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-054Configure SSSD LDAP Backend to Use TLS For All Transactionshigh9
bp28nist
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-045Remove Rsh Trust Fileshigh9
cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-040Verify Only Group Root Has GID 0high9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-034All AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain modemedium5
cis
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-031Build and Test AIDE Databasemedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-053Configure SSSD LDAP Backend Client to Demand a Valid Certificate from the Servermedium9
bp28nist
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-032Configure Systemd Timer Execution of AIDEmedium8
bp28cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-056Deactivate Wireless Network Interfacesmedium9
cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-041Direct root Logins Not Allowedmedium5
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-036Disable Host-Based Authenticationmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-049Disable Postfix Network Listeningmedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-047Disable Postfix SMTP VRFY Commandmedium8
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-033Enforce all AppArmor Profilesmedium5
bp28cis
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-055Enforce Usage of pam_wheel with Group Parameter for su Authenticationmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-029Ensure All Accounts on the System Have Unique User IDsmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-039Ensure All Groups on the System Have Unique Group IDmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-035Ensure AppArmor is Active and Configuredmedium5
bp28niststig
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-044Ensure nologin Shell is Not Listed in /etc/shellsmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-038Ensure shadow Group is Emptymedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-046Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Loginmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-037Ensure the Group Used by pam_wheel.so Module Exists on System and is Emptymedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-048Hide Postfix SMTP Banner Software Namemedium8
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-052Limit Users' SSH Accessmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-050Prefer to use a 64-bit Operating System when supportedmedium9
bp28
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-030Set Interactive Session Timeoutmedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-051Set PAM Password Hashing Algorithm - password-authmedium9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-042Verify No .forward Files Existmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-GEN-043Verify No netrc Files Existmedium9
cisnist

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