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SOCLE-CLD-KRN-060// Kernel buildmediumeffective runtime

Randomize the kernel memory sections

Requires the kernel to be built with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=y so the physical memory mapping, vmalloc and vmemmap regions are placed at randomized virtual addresses.

Checked against the resolved running state (e.g. sshd -T, sysctl, systemctl show), catches drop-ins and Includes a file read would miss. Caveat: runtime ≠ persistence; a value correct now may not survive a reboot.

A pass proves✓ running now✓ on disk✓ survives rebootthe qualified verdict →
Debian 12CIS 1.1.0Debian 13CIS 1.0.0FedoraRHEL 10 / Rocky 10 / AlmaLinux 10RHEL 8 / Rocky 8 / AlmaLinux 8CIS 4.0.0RHEL 9 / Rocky 9 / AlmaLinux 9CIS 2.0.0Ubuntu 22.04CIS 3.0.0Ubuntu 24.04CIS 1.0.0Ubuntu 26.04
One check, maps to 1 standard

Pavois asserts the effective configuration, the live, resolved state, not a file. File-based scanners (OVAL/SCAP, Lynis) miss Includes, drop-ins and runtime defaults; this check sees what is actually applied.

A mapping is a cross-reference to where each standard places this requirement, anchored and cross-validated, not a claim of equivalence. A passing check is evidence toward these references, how to read it.

Why this rule matters

This security feature makes exploits relying on predictable memory locations less reliable. CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY extends KASLR to the physical memory mapping, vmalloc and vmemmap regions, so even if an attacker learns the kernel image base they still cannot predict where the direct map and page tables live, closing a class of attacks that target those fixed regions.

What Pavois checks

Pavois reads the build options of the running kernel, grep '^CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=' /boot/config-$(uname -r) or zcat /proc/config.gz, and requires the value y. Reading the live kernel's own config (keyed on uname -r) reflects exactly the kernel that is booted, including vendor or custom builds, which a package-name heuristic or a generic file cannot guarantee.

describe command("C=/boot/config-$(uname -r); if [ -r \"$C\" ]; then cat \"$C\"; elif zcat /proc/config.gz 2>/dev/null | head -1 | grep -q .; then zcat /proc/config.gz; else echo PAVOIS_NO_KERNEL_CONFIG; fi | grep -E '^(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=|PAVOIS_NO_KERNEL_CONFIG)'") do
  its('stdout') { should_not match(/PAVOIS_NO_KERNEL_CONFIG/) }
  its('stdout') { should match(/^CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=y$/) }
end

How to verify it is applied

Run grep '^CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=' /boot/config-$(uname -r) (or zcat /proc/config.gz | grep CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY). Expected output:

CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=y

Inspect & investigate

There is no dedicated log entry. Confirm the setting via grep CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY /boot/config-$(uname -r) and check cat /proc/cmdline, nokaslr disables both base and memory randomization even when compiled in.

Remediation

This is a kernel build-time option, so Pavois ships no automated harden step for it. It is satisfied by booting a distribution kernel compiled with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY=y (true for all current Debian/Ubuntu/RHEL x86-64 kernels) and ensuring nokaslr is absent from the boot parameters; a custom kernel must be rebuilt.

Pavois applies this with its own harden engine, the plan below, not a shell script:

resourcekernel_build
pavois harden plan local

where the target is local, a user@host SSH alias, or a container , Docs

Impact & precautions

If absent, the kernel's physical map and page-table regions sit at predictable addresses, helping attackers turn leaks into reliable exploits. Precautions: this is bundled with KASLR in stock kernels and is low-risk to enable. The same caveats as KASLR apply, rare out-of-tree drivers, kexec/hibernation flows, or debuggers that assume fixed addresses may need testing on a non-production host before rollout.

Standards mapping

StandardReferenceTypeVersionConfidence
ANSSI BP-028R25direct2.0high

Each reference is a cross-reference anchored in the upstream benchmark and cross-validated against the SCAP Security Guide and ansible-lockdown, not a claim of equivalence. Direct = a prescriptive, line-level requirement; supporting = an abstract control family (NIST) the check provides evidence toward. How to read a mapping.

Sources & references

Official standards

ANSSI-BP-028 (2.0) ↗