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SOCLE-CLD-KRN-066// Kernel buildmediumeffective runtime

Enable different security models

Requires the kernel to be built with CONFIG_SECURITY=y, the master switch that enables the Linux Security Modules (LSM) framework.

Checked against the resolved running state (e.g. sshd -T, sysctl, systemctl show), catches drop-ins and Includes a file read would miss. Caveat: runtime ≠ persistence; a value correct now may not survive a reboot.

A pass proves✓ running now✓ on disk✓ survives rebootthe qualified verdict →
Debian 12CIS 1.1.0Debian 13CIS 1.0.0FedoraRHEL 10 / Rocky 10 / AlmaLinux 10RHEL 8 / Rocky 8 / AlmaLinux 8CIS 4.0.0RHEL 9 / Rocky 9 / AlmaLinux 9CIS 2.0.0Ubuntu 22.04CIS 3.0.0Ubuntu 24.04CIS 1.0.0Ubuntu 26.04
One check, maps to 1 standard

Pavois asserts the effective configuration, the live, resolved state, not a file. File-based scanners (OVAL/SCAP, Lynis) miss Includes, drop-ins and runtime defaults; this check sees what is actually applied.

A mapping is a cross-reference to where each standard places this requirement, anchored and cross-validated, not a claim of equivalence. A passing check is evidence toward these references, how to read it.

Why this rule matters

This enables kernel security primitives required by the LSM framework. CONFIG_SECURITY is the master switch for Linux Security Modules; without it, SELinux, AppArmor, SMACK, Yama and the LSM hooks cannot exist, leaving the system with only classic DAC permissions and no mandatory-access-control layer to contain a compromised or over-privileged process.

What Pavois checks

Pavois reads the build options of the running kernel, grep '^CONFIG_SECURITY=' /boot/config-$(uname -r) or zcat /proc/config.gz, and requires y. Reading the live kernel's own config (keyed on uname -r) reflects exactly the booted kernel, which a package-name guess or generic file cannot.

describe command("C=/boot/config-$(uname -r); if [ -r \"$C\" ]; then cat \"$C\"; elif zcat /proc/config.gz 2>/dev/null | head -1 | grep -q .; then zcat /proc/config.gz; else echo PAVOIS_NO_KERNEL_CONFIG; fi | grep -E '^(CONFIG_SECURITY=|PAVOIS_NO_KERNEL_CONFIG)'") do
  its('stdout') { should_not match(/PAVOIS_NO_KERNEL_CONFIG/) }
  its('stdout') { should match(/^CONFIG_SECURITY=y$/) }
end

How to verify it is applied

Run grep '^CONFIG_SECURITY=' /boot/config-$(uname -r) (or zcat /proc/config.gz | grep CONFIG_SECURITY). Expected output:

CONFIG_SECURITY=y

With LSM enabled you can also list the active modules with cat /sys/kernel/security/lsm (e.g. capability,yama,apparmor or ...,selinux).

Inspect & investigate

No routine log entry. The active LSMs are listed in /sys/kernel/security/lsm; MAC denials are logged by the module in use, AppArmor/SELinux events land in /var/log/audit/audit.log (type=AVC/type=APPARMOR) and in journalctl -k. Confirm the build flag with grep CONFIG_SECURITY /boot/config-$(uname -r).

Remediation

This is a kernel build-time option, so Pavois ships no automated harden step for it. It is satisfied by booting a distribution kernel compiled with CONFIG_SECURITY=y (true for all current Debian/Ubuntu/RHEL kernels, which ship AppArmor or SELinux); a custom kernel must be rebuilt. Activating an actual LSM (AppArmor/SELinux) is covered by separate rules.

Pavois applies this with its own harden engine, the plan below, not a shell script:

resourcekernel_build
pavois harden plan local

where the target is local, a user@host SSH alias, or a container , Docs

Impact & precautions

If absent, no mandatory-access-control module can load and the system relies solely on discretionary permissions, a major regression in containment. Precautions: simply enabling LSM support (via a compliant kernel) does not enforce any policy by itself, so it cannot break applications. Disruption only arises when you subsequently activate and enforce a specific module (SELinux/AppArmor) with a strict policy, test those policies in permissive/complain mode first to avoid blocking legitimate services.

Standards mapping

StandardReferenceTypeVersionConfidence
ANSSI BP-028R20direct2.0high

Each reference is a cross-reference anchored in the upstream benchmark and cross-validated against the SCAP Security Guide and ansible-lockdown, not a claim of equivalence. Direct = a prescriptive, line-level requirement; supporting = an abstract control family (NIST) the check provides evidence toward. How to read a mapping.

Sources & references

Official standards

ANSSI-BP-028 (2.0) ↗