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SSH: 37 controls for Linux hardening

Pavois audits 37 controls in the SSH hardening domain, across 9 systems and 5 standards (CIS, ANSSI BP-028, NIST 800-53, PCI DSS, DISA STIG). Every control declares the evidence it gathers, its severity, its remediation and its standard references.

The domain in figures

Controls37
Severities
critical 2medium 33low 2
Evidence gathered
effective runtime 37
Standards
CISANSSI BP-028NIST 800-53PCI DSSDISA STIG
Systems
Debian 12Debian 13FedoraRHEL 10 / Rocky 10 / AlmaLinux 10RHEL 8 / Rocky 8 / AlmaLinux 8RHEL 9 / Rocky 9 / AlmaLinux 9Ubuntu 22.04Ubuntu 24.04Ubuntu 26.04
Coverage depthin depth

What does Pavois check in this domain?

effective runtime 37
Checked against the resolved running state (e.g. sshd -T, sysctl, systemctl show), catches drop-ins and Includes a file read would miss. Caveat: runtime ≠ persistence; a value correct now may not survive a reboot.

Which standards does this domain cover?

One effective-configuration check serves as evidence for several standards at once. The references below are the ones the corpus actually carries, never a claimed equivalence. how to read a standard mapping.

CIS
2.2.6, 2.2.7, 5.1.5, 5.1.6, 5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.1.9, 5.1.10, 5.1.11, 5.1.12, 5.1.13, 5.1.14, 5.1.15, 5.1.16, 5.1.17, 5.1.18, 5.1.19, 5.1.20, 5.1.21, 5.1.22, 5.1.23, 5.1.24, 8.2.8
ANSSI BP-028
R33
NIST 800-53
3.1.1, 3.1.9, 3.1.11, 3.1.12, AC-2(5), AC-6(2), AC-8(a), AC-8(c), AC-12, AC-17 (2), AC-17(1), AC-17(2), AC-17(a), CM-6(a), CM-7(a), CM-7(b), IA-2, IA-2(5), SC-10
PCI DSS
2.2.6, 2.2.7, 8.2.8
DISA STIG
UBTU-22-255020, UBTU-22-255025, UBTU-22-255030, UBTU-22-255035, UBTU-22-255050, UBTU-22-255055, UBTU-22-255060, UBTU-22-255065, UBTU-22-612020, UBTU-24-100830, UBTU-24-200640, UBTU-24-300031, UBTU-24-400030, UBTU-24-500050, UBTU-24-600000, UBTU-24-600010

The 37 controls of the SSH domain

RefRuleSev.OSStandards
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-003Disable SSH Access via Empty Passwordscritical9
cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-008Disable SSH Root Logincritical9
bp28cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-002Disable Compression Or Set Compression to delayedmedium8
nist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-005Disable GSSAPI Authenticationmedium9
cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-006Disable Kerberos Authenticationmedium8
nist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-001Disable SSH Agent Forwardingmedium8
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-004Disable SSH Forwardingmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-009Disable SSH root Login with a Password (Insecure)medium8
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-007Disable SSH Support for .rhosts Filesmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-012Disable SSH Support for User Known Hostsmedium8
nist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-010Disable SSH TCP Forwardingmedium8
pci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-013Disable SSH X11 Forwardingmedium8
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-034Distribute the SSH Server configuration to multiple files in a config directory.medium3
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-014Do Not Allow SSH Environment Optionsmedium9
cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-015Enable PAMmedium9
cispci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-016Enable Public Key Authenticationmedium9
stig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-020Enable SSH Print Last Logmedium8
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-018Enable SSH Warning Bannermedium4
nist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-019Enable SSH Warning Banner (issue.net)medium9
cisniststig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-017Enable Use of Strict Mode Checkingmedium8
nist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-023Ensure SSH LoginGraceTime is configuredmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-028Ensure SSH MaxStartups is configuredmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-029Force Frequent SSH Session Key Renegotiationmedium8
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-026Set SSH authentication attempt limitmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-022Set SSH Client Alive Count Maxmedium9
cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-021Set SSH Client Alive Intervalmedium9
cisnistpci-dssstig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-025Set SSH Daemon LogLevel to VERBOSEmedium9
cisnistpci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-027Set SSH MaxSessions limitmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-031Use Only FIPS 140-2 Validated Ciphersmedium1
stig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-032Use Only FIPS 140-2 Validated Key Exchange Algorithmsmedium1
niststig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-030Use Only FIPS 140-2 Validated MACsmedium2
cisstig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-033Use Only FIPS 140-2 Validated MACsmedium1
stig
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-035Use Only Strong Ciphersmedium9
cis
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-036Use Only Strong Key Exchange algorithmsmedium9
cispci-dss
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-037Use Only Strong MACsmedium9
cisnist
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-011Disable SSH TCPKeepAlive (use ClientAlive instead)low8
SOCLE-CLD-SSH-024Set LogLevel to INFOlow9
cisnist

Sources & references

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